Otto SelzBirth Chart
14/02/1881 05:45
B - Biography/autobiography
Munich
Germany
48°08' ↑ North - 11°34' → East
00:46 East
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Photo: Reproduction
Otto Selz was a German psychologist whose work anticipated central concepts of modern cognitive psychology. In 1913 he proposed a non-associationist theory of thought that replaced explanations based on images and associations with directed processes: to understand was to form structures, and to solve problems required testing conditions. Influenced by the German phenomenological tradition and by a controlled use of introspection, his approach pointed to units of thought as directed associations and emphasized the role of schemas and cognitive operations.
During his academic career he taught philosophy, psychology and pedagogy, holding positions in Bonn and at the Mannheim Business School, where he also served as rector. He published studies on productive thought, perception and vocational aptitude, leaving a bibliography that includes significant experimental and theoretical works issued between 1910 and 1924.
His career and the dissemination of his ideas were cut short by Nazi antisemitism: banned from the profession in Germany and imprisoned at Dachau, he went into exile in the Netherlands but was detained again in 1943 and died near Auschwitz. After 1933 his name nearly disappeared from the German literature; only belatedly has his contribution been reassessed and recognized in historical studies of psychology.
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